List of All Basic Electrical Laws
Basically if I asked you a one simple question before understanding all about "Laws" and "Theorems" :
What exactly is meant by electricity?
Nowadays Electricity has become such a universal medium for transmission and utilization of energy that almost every one is familiar with it's innumerable uses right from the earliest childhood.
In this I am going to explain you about all basic electrical laws and theorems which are as below and they are most commonly used in various applications. With the help of these laws and theorems we can solve electrical network. So some electrical circuits are works on various and multiple laws and theorems, in that we need to understand which law or theorem will applicable so we need to know all about it.
Basic Laws of Electrical Engineering
Laws of Resistance
The resistance R offered by a conductor depends on the following factor,
- It varies directly as its length, L.
- It varies inversely as the cross-section A of the conductor.
- It depends on the nature of the material.
- It also depends on the temperature of the conductor.
Ohm's Law
This law applies to electric condition through good conductors and may be stated as follows, The ratio of potential difference (V) between any two points on a conductor to the current (I) flowing between them, is constant, provided the temperature of the conductor does not change.
In other words, V/I = constant or V/I = R where, R is the resistance of the conductor between two points considered.
Kirchhoff's Laws
These laws are more comprehensive than Ohm's law and are used for solving electrical networks which may not be readily solved by latter. Kirchhoff's laws, two in number, are particularly useful (a) in determining the equivalent resistance of a complicated network of conductors and (b) for calculating the currents flowing in the various conductors. The two laws are :
Kirchhoff's Current Law or Point Law (KCL)
It states that in any electrical network, the algebraic sum of the currents meeting at a point (or junction) is zero.
Kirchhoff's Voltage Law or Mesh Law (KVL)
It states that the algebraic sum of the products of currents and resistance in each of the conductors in any closed path (or mesh) in a network plus the algebraic sum of the emfs in that path is zero.
Algebraic sum of emfs + Algebraic sum of Voltage drops = 0
Joule's Law of Electric Heating
The amount of heat produced in a conductor due to the flow of electric current through it is,
- Directly proportional to the resistance offered by the conductor when the time of flow and the magnitude of the current is constant.
- Directly proportional to the square of the magnitude of current when resistance offered by the conductor and the time of flow of the current is constant.
- Directly proportional to the time duration of current flow when the resistance offered by the conductors and the magnitude of the current is constant.
Coulomb's Laws of Electrostatics
- First Law - Like charges of electricity reply each other, whereas unlike changes attract each other.
- Second Law - According to this law, the force exerted between two point charges
- Directly proportional to the product of their strengths.
- Inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them.
- Inversely proportional to the absolute permeability of the surrounding medium.
Gauss's Law
It states that the electric flux passing through a closed surface surrounding a number of charges is equal to the algebraic sum of the charges inside the closed surface.
Ampere's Work Law or Ampere's Circuital Law
It states that the work done on or by a unit N-pole in moving once around any complete path is equal to the product of current and number of turns enclosed by that path.
Biot-Savart Law
The Biot-Savart law states how the value of the magnetic field at a point in space from one short segment of current-carrying conductor depends on each factor that influences the field.
Lenz's Law
This law states that the direction of induced e.m.f. is such that the current produced by it sets up a magnetic field opposing the motion or change producing it.
Faraday's Laws of Electromagnetic Induction
- First Law - It states whenever the flux linking a coil or circuit an E.M.F. is induced in it.
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- Second Law - It states the magnitude of the induced E.M.F. in a coil is directly proportional to the rate of change of flux linkages.
Faraday's Laws of Electrolysis
- First Law - The mass of an element deposited at liberated at an electrode is directly proportional to the quantity of electricity that passes through the electrolyte.
- Second Law - The mass of an element deposited or liberated during electrolysis is directly proportional to the chemical equivalent weight of that element.
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